|
Saint Anne's Guild (also spelled ''gild'') was a medieval religious guild in Dublin, Ireland. It is most noteworthy for the considerable documentary evidence extant and for having survived as a Roman Catholic lay association until the eighteenth century. ==Origin== Father Myles Ronan, in his essay 'Dublin Medieval guilds', found in ''The Irish Ecclesiastical Record'', Volume XXVI, July to December, 1925, states: The guilds filled gaps in the social fabric not provided for by the systems of agricultural life, military defence or the Church. Guilds were unmentioned in Ireland before the Norman Conquest of 1169-71. To devote money to education or religion, the Irish nobiliby had to obtain permission from the English Crown. Guilds fell into two classes: social-religious, and trade guilds. The latter were either merchant guilds and craft guilds. Although both classes were present in the thirteenth century, they abounded in the period between the fourteenth and the sixteenth century. Many were set up shortly before the Reformation. They received royal charters that enabled them to hold property and devote some of it to the upkeep of a chapel and chaplain. This was a corporate imitation of the foundation of the chantry, which was made by private and wealthy individuals. On the religious side, the two classes of guilds had much in common. From the Middle Ages the bakers' guild of Dublin was devoted to St. Anne, and represented her story at Mystery plays and during the triennial "Walking the Franchises" march around the city's limits. In 1528 the bakers represented Ceres at the Corpus Christi play for variety.〔"EARLY ENGLISH POETRY, BALLADS, AND POPULAR LITERATURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES" The Percy Society, London 1846, Vol. 19., intro, p. xxxiii.〕 After the Reformation in Ireland (1533–70) members of trade guilds such as the bakers had to join the Church of Ireland. They sent four legislators to the former Dublin Corporation, which divided the purely religious guild that was mostly Roman Catholic from the trade guild that had to become Protestant. Into the 1700s the bakers were always described as the "Guild of St. Anne". St. Ann's Church, Dawson Street (founded in 1720) still provides free loaves of bread on a "bread shelf" for hungry Dubliners that are given daily by the city's bakers. In religious matters the medieval trade and religious guilds had many things in common, but their primary purposes were distinct. Religious Guilds were fraternities of lay men and women, formed in many parishes for exclusively religious purposes. The only known guilds in the Dublin diocese were St. Anne’s, in the church of St. Audoen; St. Sythe in the church of St. Michan; Corpus Christi, in St. Michael’s on the Hill; St. George’s, in George’s Lane; St. Mary’s in Balrothery; St. Mary’s, at Mulhuddart; St. Canice’s, at Hollywood, North Dublin, and St. John the Baptist’s, in St. John’s Church, Fishamble Street. Records of only St. Anne’s and a few St. George’s survive. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Saint Anne's Guild」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|